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Cesare Beccaria "Dei delitti e
delle pene"
The 1774 edition of Dei delitti e delle pene.
Marquis Beccaria (1738-1794), a protagonist of the Enlightenment culture in Lombardy, wrote Dei delitti e delle pene when he was only twenty-six.
This essay, first published anonymously in Livorno in 1764, condemned, with modern foresight, torture, the death penalty and the legal systems of absolute monarchies in general. The concepts expressed in Dei delitti e delle pene were later incorporated in the Declaration of the Rights of Man, passed by the National Assembly of France in 1789.
